1922
- Week of Modern Art, São Paulo; Copacabana Fort rebellion; Universal
Exhibition of Rio de Janeiro; foundation of PCB [Brazilian Communist
Party].
1924 -
Movimento Tenentista (SP), led by Isidoro Dias Lopez.
1925 -
Amadeu Amaral founds the Sociedade Demológica in SP; 1st Congresso
Regionalista do Nordeste, organized by intellectuals linked to Gilberto
Freyre, in which Cascudo participates.
1929 - The
folklorist Amadeu Amaral dies.
1930 -
1930 Revolution in Brazil; intervention in the States; dismissal of the
president of Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Juvenal Lamartine, removal of the
government of RN’s livestock-cotton producing elite; Juarez Távora and
José Américo de Almeida visit Natal; lieutenant Irineu Joffily acts as
intervener and founds the ill-fated Legião Revolucionária do RN, in
December.
1931 -
Plínio Salgado publicizes his ideas, "a conclamation to young men
throughout the whole country", through the newspaper A Razão, in
the column "Notas Políticas". Strong opposition to the intervener from
São Paulo, with campaigns in the newspapers of Rio de Janeiro and São
Paulo. In RN, in January, Aluízio Moura takes over (getting close to the
"decaídos" [the fallen ones] which were the old livestock-cotton
producing oligarchy that fell from power after 1930). Cascudo assumes
the directorship of the Imprensa Oficial for two months. In July,
a new intervener, Cascardo, takes office, in an attempt by the federal
government to attract the local elite.
1932 -
Revolução Constitucionalista SP; Plínio Salgado holds conferences at the
Faculty of Law SP and at the São Paulo Academy of Literature.
Ação Integralista
Brasileira officially created by Plínio Salgado, in 10th
July, through a manifesto read out at a meeting at the Municipal Theatre
of São Paulo, entitled Manifesto de Outubro (Nosso Século,
p.130).
Publication, in November of
1932, in the Diário de Pernambuco, of the Manifesto de apoio ao
Integralismo signed by Otto Guerra and Américo de Oliveira Costa, among
others.
1933 -
Twenty thousand members are registered to the AIB (Ação Integralista
Brasileira); the foundation of AIB-RN, on the 14th of July,
at the Alberto Maranhão Theatre. From this year until 1937, the movement
regiments more than 3,000 followers in RN.
Mario Câmara is chosen as
intervener in RN.
1934 -
Creation of the University of São Paulo; 1st Congresso
Afro-brasileiro, Recife; 1st
Congresso Integralista, held in March in Espírito Santo; The AIB has
180,000 members; Plínio Salgado visits Natal in August; Gustavo Barroso
visits Natal, heading an "integralist detachment" (Cascudo’s entry on
the last page of Brasil, Colônia de Banqueiros: "Chegado a Natal
em 26.10.34")
1935 - The
AIB arranges 1,123 organized groups in 538 municipal districts,
encompassing 400,000 followers; creation of the Aliança Nacional
Libertadora; 2nd Congresso Integralista, held in Petrópolis
in March (as of this date the AIB started to be "a civil association,
with headquarters in the city of SP, and a political party, with
headquarters wherever its supreme chief might be"); creation of the
Federal District University; communist uprising that takes over the city
of Natal for some days and invades the AIB-RN headquarters in November.
1936 -
Creation of the Clube de Etnografia; the AIB has 918,000 members.
1937 - The
Clube de Etnografia of the Departamento de Cultura de São Paulo assumes
official character on the 20th of May, under the name
Sociedade de Etnografia e Folclore, to represent Brazil at the Congresso
Internacional de Folclore in Paris (July) with financial support from
the Departamento de Cultura de São Paulo. It finishes in the same year,
after the Estado Novo. Carlos Gondim, Regional Head of Integralism in
RN, is arrested by the police in November. Documents of AIB-RN are
hidden and lost. In September, the AIB becomes a political party,
choosing its leader Plínio Salgado as its candidate for the presidency.
With the dissolution of the political parties, in December, the AIB
becomes the "Associação Brasileira de Cultura". It has centres all over
the country, with more than a million followers.
1938 -
"Intentona Integralista" – assassination attempt of Vargas, which
unleashed an intense campaign against Integralism with the imprisonment
and exile of its leaders.
1941 -
Foundation of the Sociedade Brasileira de Folclore, in Natal, by
Cascudo; foundation of the Sociedade Brasileira da Antropologia e
Etnografia by Arthur Ramos.
1942 -
Basílio Magalhães presides over the Instituto Brasileiro de Folclore.
1945 -
Death of the writer Mário de Andrade.
1946 -
Creation of the Instituto Brasileiro de Educação, Ciência e Cultura on
the 13th of July, adjoined to the Min. das Relações
Exteriores as required by UNESCO; the Academia Capixaba de Folclore is
organized by Guilherme dos Santos Neves.
1947 -
Creation of the Comissão Nacional de Folclore, parapolitical institution
based in Rio de Janeiro and belonging to the Instituto Brasileiro de
Educação, Ciência e Cultura of the Min. das Relações Exteriores.
1949 -
National Folklore week (SP).
1950 -
National Folklore week (Porto Alegre).
1951 – I
Congresso Brasileiro de Folclore (RJ).
1952 -
National Folklore week (Maceió).
1953 - II
Congresso Brasileiro de Folclore (Curitiba).
1954 -
Congresso Internacional de Folclore (SP).
1958 -
Creation of the Campanha de Defesa do Folclore Brasileiro; the National
Folklore week (RJ) is held; the Biblioteca Amadeu Amaral is inaugurated.
1959 - IV
Congresso Brasileiro de Folclore (Porto Alegre).
1963 - V
Congresso Brasileiro de Folclore (Fortaleza).
1976 - The
Instituto Nacional do Folclore is created, heir of the Comissão de
Defesa do Folclore Brasileiro.